{ "metadata": { "title": "Minnesota Native Plants", "description": "An interactive intelligent textbook about native plants in Minnesota, covering plant identification, prairie, woodland, and wetland ecosystems, pollinators, invasive species management, garden design, ecological restoration, Minnesota resources, systems thinking, and misinformation detection.", "creator": "Arun Batchu", "date": "2026-04-07", "version": "1.0", "format": "Learning Graph JSON v1.0", "schema": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dmccreary/learning-graphs/refs/heads/main/src/schema/learning-graph-schema.json", "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED" }, "groups": { "FOUND": { "classifierName": "Foundation Concepts", "color": "MistyRose", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "ECOR": { "classifierName": "Ecoregions and Geography", "color": "PeachPuff", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "PRAI": { "classifierName": "Prairie Ecosystem", "color": "LightYellow", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "WOOD": { "classifierName": "Woodland Ecosystem", "color": "Honeydew", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "WETL": { "classifierName": "Wetland Ecosystem", "color": "PaleTurquoise", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "POLL": { "classifierName": "Pollinators and Wildlife", "color": "SteelBlue", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "INVA": { "classifierName": "Invasive Species", "color": "LightCoral", "font": { "color": "white" } }, "PLID": { "classifierName": "Plant Identification", "color": "Lavender", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "GARD": { "classifierName": "Garden Design and Maintenance", "color": "PaleGreen", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "REST": { "classifierName": "Ecological Restoration", "color": "Aquamarine", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "CULT": { "classifierName": "Cultural and Indigenous Uses", "color": "Thistle", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "MNRS": { "classifierName": "Minnesota Resources", "color": "PowderBlue", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "SYST": { "classifierName": "Systems Thinking", "color": "LightPink", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "CRIT": { "classifierName": "Critical Thinking", "color": "Gainsboro", "font": { "color": "black" } }, "CAPS": { "classifierName": "Capstone Projects", "color": "Plum", "font": { "color": "white" } } }, "nodes": [ { "id": 1, "label": "Native Plant Definition", "group": "FOUND", "shape": "box" }, { "id": 2, "label": "Non-Native Plant Definition", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 3, "label": "Invasive Species Definition", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 4, "label": "Plant Identification Basics", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 5, "label": "Botany Fundamentals", "group": "FOUND", "shape": "box" }, { "id": 6, "label": "Ecosystem Definition", "group": "FOUND", "shape": "box" }, { "id": 7, "label": "Biodiversity", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 8, "label": "Habitat", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 9, "label": "Plant Taxonomy Basics", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 10, "label": "Scientific Nomenclature", "group": "FOUND" }, { "id": 11, "label": "Minnesota Ecoregions", "group": "ECOR" }, { "id": 12, "label": "Tallgrass Prairie Region", "group": "ECOR" }, { "id": 13, "label": "Deciduous Forest Region", "group": "ECOR" }, { "id": 14, "label": "Coniferous Forest Region", "group": "ECOR" }, { "id": 15, "label": "Prairie-Forest Border", "group": "ECOR" }, { "id": 16, "label": "Minnesota Wetland Types", "group": "ECOR" }, { "id": 17, "label": "USDA Hardiness Zones", "group": "ECOR", "shape": "box" }, { "id": 18, "label": "Zones 3a Through 5a", "group": "ECOR" }, { "id": 19, "label": "Growing Season Length", "group": "ECOR" }, { "id": 20, "label": "Minnesota Soil Types", "group": "ECOR" }, { "id": 21, "label": "Prairie Ecosystem Overview", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 22, "label": "Tallgrass Prairie History", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 23, "label": "Prairie Remnants", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 24, "label": "Prairie Grasses", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 25, "label": "Big Bluestem", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 26, "label": "Little Bluestem", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 27, "label": "Switchgrass", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 28, "label": "Indian Grass", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 29, "label": "Prairie Dropseed", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 30, "label": "Prairie Wildflowers", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 31, "label": "Purple Coneflower", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 32, "label": "Black-Eyed Susan", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 33, "label": "Wild Bergamot", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 34, "label": "Blazing Star", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 35, "label": "Prairie Clover", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 36, "label": "Goldenrod Species", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 37, "label": "Aster Species", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 38, "label": "Milkweed Species", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 39, "label": "Prairie Sedges", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 40, "label": "Prairie Soil Ecology", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 41, "label": "Fire Ecology", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 42, "label": "Prescribed Burns", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 43, "label": "Prairie Root Systems", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 44, "label": "Warm Season Grasses", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 45, "label": "Cool Season Grasses", "group": "PRAI" }, { "id": 46, "label": "Woodland Ecosystem Overview", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 47, "label": "Forest Layers", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 48, "label": "Canopy Layer", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 49, "label": "Understory Layer", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 50, "label": "Ground Cover Layer", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 51, "label": "Spring Ephemerals", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 52, "label": "Bloodroot", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 53, "label": "Trillium", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 54, "label": "Hepatica", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 55, "label": "Dutchman's Breeches", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 56, "label": "Wild Ginger", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 57, "label": "Jack-In-The-Pulpit", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 58, "label": "Solomon's Seal", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 59, "label": "Native Ferns", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 60, "label": "Maidenhair Fern", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 61, "label": "Native Shrubs Woodland", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 62, "label": "Native Trees Overview", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 63, "label": "Oak Species", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 64, "label": "Maple Species", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 65, "label": "Birch Species", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 66, "label": "White Pine", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 67, "label": "Shade Tolerant Plants", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 68, "label": "Woodland Wildflowers", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 69, "label": "Native Vines", "group": "WOOD" }, { "id": 70, "label": "Wetland Ecosystem Overview", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 71, "label": "Marsh Plants", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 72, "label": "Bog Plants", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 73, "label": "Sedge Meadows", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 74, "label": "Shoreline Stabilization", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 75, "label": "Rain Garden Plants", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 76, "label": "Blue Flag Iris", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 77, "label": "Cardinal Flower", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 78, "label": "Joe-Pye Weed", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 79, "label": "Native Cattail", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 80, "label": "Wild Rice", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 81, "label": "Native Water Plants", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 82, "label": "Riparian Buffer Plants", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 83, "label": "Wetland Functions", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 84, "label": "Stormwater Management", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 85, "label": "Water Filtration Role", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 86, "label": "Flood Mitigation", "group": "WETL" }, { "id": 87, "label": "Pollinator Overview", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 88, "label": "Native Bee Species", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 89, "label": "Monarch Butterfly", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 90, "label": "Monarch Migration", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 91, "label": "Butterfly Life Cycle", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 92, "label": "Pollinator Decline Causes", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 93, "label": "Pollinator Habitat Needs", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 94, "label": "Nectar Sources", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 95, "label": "Pollen Sources", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 96, "label": "Host Plants", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 97, "label": "Milkweed And Monarchs", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 98, "label": "Bird Habitat Plants", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 99, "label": "Songbird Species Support", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 100, "label": "Mammal Habitat Plants", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 101, "label": "Beneficial Insects", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 102, "label": "Pollinator Syndromes", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 103, "label": "Bloom Timing Pollinators", "group": "POLL" }, { "id": 104, "label": "Invasive Species Impact", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 105, "label": "Common Buckthorn", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 106, "label": "Glossy Buckthorn", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 107, "label": "Garlic Mustard", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 108, "label": "Spotted Knapweed", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 109, "label": "Wild Parsnip", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 110, "label": "Purple Loosestrife", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 111, "label": "Reed Canary Grass", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 112, "label": "Leafy Spurge", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 113, "label": "European Earthworms", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 114, "label": "Emerald Ash Borer", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 115, "label": "Japanese Barberry", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 116, "label": "Invasive ID Methods", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 117, "label": "Reporting Invasive Species", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 118, "label": "Early Detection Monitoring", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 119, "label": "Removal Strategy Overview", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 120, "label": "Manual Removal Methods", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 121, "label": "Mechanical Removal Methods", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 122, "label": "Chemical Control Methods", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 123, "label": "Biological Control Methods", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 124, "label": "Integrated Pest Management", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 125, "label": "Buckthorn Removal Challenges", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 126, "label": "Buckthorn Seed Bank", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 127, "label": "Garlic Mustard Removal", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 128, "label": "Removal Timing", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 129, "label": "Follow-Up Monitoring", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 130, "label": "Re-Invasion Prevention", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 131, "label": "Removal Trade-Offs", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 132, "label": "Multi-Year Removal Plans", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 133, "label": "Site Restoration After Removal", "group": "INVA" }, { "id": 134, "label": "Leaf Shape Identification", "group": "PLID" }, { "id": 135, "label": "Flower Structure ID", "group": "PLID" }, { "id": 136, "label": "Fruit And Seed ID", "group": "PLID" }, { "id": 137, "label": "Bark Identification", "group": "PLID" }, { "id": 138, "label": "Growth Habit Recognition", "group": "PLID" }, { "id": 139, "label": "Using Field Guides", "group": "PLID" }, { "id": 140, "label": "Plant ID Apps And Tools", "group": "PLID" }, { "id": 141, "label": "Seasonal ID Features", "group": "PLID" }, { "id": 142, "label": "Native Vs Invasive ID", "group": "PLID" }, { "id": 143, "label": "Grass Identification", "group": "PLID" }, { "id": 144, "label": "Sedge Identification", "group": "PLID" }, { "id": 145, "label": "Site Assessment", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 146, "label": "Sun Exposure Analysis", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 147, "label": "Soil Moisture Assessment", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 148, "label": "Soil Type Testing", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 149, "label": "Microclimate Assessment", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 150, "label": "Native Garden Design", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 151, "label": "Plant Selection Criteria", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 152, "label": "Seasonal Bloom Sequence", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 153, "label": "Garden Layout Planning", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 154, "label": "Plant Spacing And Density", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 155, "label": "Species Diversity Design", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 156, "label": "Layered Planting Design", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 157, "label": "Rain Garden Design", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 158, "label": "Pollinator Garden Design", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 159, "label": "Shade Garden Design", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 160, "label": "Prairie Garden Design", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 161, "label": "Curb Appeal With Natives", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 162, "label": "Native Lawn Alternatives", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 163, "label": "Site Preparation", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 164, "label": "Weed Suppression Methods", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 165, "label": "Seed Starting Natives", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 166, "label": "Plug Planting Techniques", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 167, "label": "Container Plant Install", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 168, "label": "Bare Root Planting", "group": "GARD" }, { "id": 169, "label": "Seeding 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